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<title>Wayfinding</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayfinding</span></span>

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<p><b>Wayfinding</b> (or <b>way-finding</b>) encompasses all of the ways in which people (and animals) <a href="Orientation_(mental)" title="Orientation (mental)">orient</a> themselves in physical space and <a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">navigate</a> from place to place.

<b>Wayfinding software</b> is a self-service computer program that helps users to find a location, usually used indoors and installed on <a href="Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">interactive kiosks</a> or <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basic_process">Basic process</h2></div>

<p>The basic process of wayfinding involves four stages:

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<ol><li><i>Orientation</i> is the attempt to determine one's location, in relation to objects that may be nearby and the desired destination.</li>

<li><i>Route decision</i> is the selection of a course of direction to the destination.</li>

<li><i>Route monitoring</i> is checking to make sure that the selected route is heading towards the destination.</li>

<li><i>Destination recognition</i> is when the destination is recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_usage">Historical usage</h2></div>

<p>Historically, wayfinding refers to the techniques used by travelers over land and sea to find relatively unmarked and often mislabeled routes. These include but are not limited to <a href="Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">dead reckoning</a>, <a href="Map" title="Map">map</a> and <a href="Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>, <a href="Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">astronomical</a> positioning and, more recently, <a href="Global_positioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Global positioning">global positioning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian wayfinding</a> refers to the use of traditional wayfinding and navigation methods by the indigenous peoples of <a href="Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient Polynesians and Pacific Islanders mastered the methods of wayfinding to explore and settle on the islands of the Pacific, many using devices such as the <a href="Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Marshall Islands stick chart</a>. With these skills, some of them were even able to navigate the ocean as well as they could navigate their own land. Despite the dangers of being out at sea for a long time, wayfinding was a way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, The Polynesian Voyaging Society tries-out the traditional Polynesian ways of navigation.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_or_indoor">Urban or indoor</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="Wayfinding_(urban_or_indoor)" title="Wayfinding (urban or indoor)">Wayfinding (urban or indoor)</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like "><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wayfinding_(urban_or_indoor)&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">

<p>Wayfinding is used in the fields of <a href="Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> and communication design and refers to the <a href="User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> of <a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">navigating</a> and orienting oneself within the physical environment. It has been defined as a spatial problem-solving process involving the interpretation of visual and environmental cues to navigate to a destination in a familiar or unfamiliar environment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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A wayfinding system is a set of tools designed to help users effectively navigate a complex physical environment and may include a combination of signage, maps, digital tools, and <a href="Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">spatial design</a>.</div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Wayfinding_(urban_or_indoor)" title="Wayfinding (urban or indoor)">Wayfinding (urban or indoor)</a></li>

<li><a href="Direction_determination" title="Direction determination">Direction determination</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_navigation" title="Land navigation">Land navigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Location-based_service" title="Location-based service">Location-based service</a></li>

<li><a href="Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Sense_of_direction" title="Sense of direction">Sense of direction</a></li>

<li><a href="Trail_blazing" title="Trail blazing">Trail blazing</a> (waymarking)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLidwellHoldenButler2010" class="citation book cs1">Lidwell, William; Holden, Kritina; Butler, Jill (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l0QPECGQySYC&pg=PA260">"Wayfinding"</a>. <i>The Pocket Universal Principles of Design: 125 Ways to Enhance Usability, Influence Perception, Increase Appeal, Make Better Design Decisions, and Teach through Design</i>. Rockport Publishers. p. 260. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781610580656</bdi> – via <a href="Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2019" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, M.R. (April 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popsci.com/wayfinding-excerpt/">"GPS gives directions, but what does it take away?"</a>. <i><a href="Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hokulea.com/navigate/wayfind.html">"Modern Wayfinding"</a>. <i><a href="Polynesian_Voyaging_Society" title="Polynesian Voyaging Society">Polynesian Voyaging Society</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLin2014" class="citation web cs1">Lin, Daniel (March 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/03/03/hokulea-the-art-of-wayfinding-interview-with-a-master-navigator/">"Hōkūle'a: The Art of Wayfinding (Interview With a Master Navigator)"</a>. <i><a href="National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPassini2002" class="citation book cs1">Passini, Romedi (2002). "Wayfinding research and design: An interdisciplinary approach in the development of design knowledge and its application". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9780203301302-22/wayfinding-research-design"><i>Design and the social sciences</i></a>. London: CRC Press (published 24 April 2002). pp. <span class="nowrap">97–</span>102. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2F9780203301302-22">10.1201/9780203301302-22</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780429219276</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Orienteering567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_orienteering" title="History of orienteering">History of orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_orienteering_events" title="List of orienteering events">List of orienteering events</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Orienteering_Federation" title="International Orienteering Federation">IOF</a>-<a href="Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Foot_orienteering" title="Foot orienteering">Foot orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_bike_orienteering" title="Mountain bike orienteering">Mountain bike orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Ski_orienteering" title="Ski orienteering">Ski orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Trail_orienteering" title="Trail orienteering">Trail orienteering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Amateur_Radio_Union" title="International Amateur Radio Union">IARU</a>-<a href="Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amateur_radio_direction_finding" title="Amateur radio direction finding">Amateur radio direction finding</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fox_Oring" title="Fox Oring">Fox Oring</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_Orienteering_in_a_Compact_Area" title="Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area">Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Canoe_orienteering" title="Canoe orienteering">Canoe orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Car_orienteering" title="Car orienteering">Car orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_marathon" title="Mountain marathon">Mountain marathon</a></li>

<li><a href="Mounted_orienteering" title="Mounted orienteering">Mounted orienteering</a></li>

<li><a href="Rogaining" title="Rogaining">Rogaining</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adventure_racing" title="Adventure racing">Adventure racing</a></li>

<li><a href="Alleycat_race" title="Alleycat race">Alleycat race</a></li>

<li><a href="Fell_running" title="Fell running">Fell running</a></li>

<li><a href="Relay_race" title="Relay race">Relay race</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmitter_hunting" title="Transmitter hunting">Transmitter hunting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Control_point_(orienteering)" title="Control point (orienteering)">Control point</a></li>

<li><a href="Course_(orienteering)" title="Course (orienteering)">Course</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a>

<li><a href="Protractor_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Protractor compass">protractor</a></li>

<li><a href="Thumb_compass" title="Thumb compass">thumb</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Eye_protection" title="Eye protection">Eye protectors</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li>

<li><a href="Headlamp_(outdoor)" title="Headlamp (outdoor)">Headlamp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exceptions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">Backpacking</a></li>

<li><a href="Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Satellite navigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Whistle" title="Whistle">Whistle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orienteering.sport/iof/it/list-of-software-for-orienteering/">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Condes</li>

<li>SportSoftware</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open-source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>OpenOrienteering Mapper</li>

<li>Purple Pen</li>

<ul><li><a href="Catching_Features" title="Catching Features">Catching Features</a></li>

<li>Suunnistussimulaattori</li>

<li>WinOL / WinOL II Oriantica</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Orienteering_map" title="Orienteering map">orienteering map</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cardinal_direction" title="Cardinal direction">cardinal direction</a></li>

<li><a href="Position_resection" class="mw-redirect" title="Position resection">resection</a></li>

<li><a href="Route_choice_(orienteering)" title="Route choice (orienteering)">route choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Waypoint" title="Waypoint">waypoint</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Racing" title="Racing">Racing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a></li>

<li><a href="Running" title="Running">running</a></li>

<li><a href="Walking" title="Walking">walking</a></li>

<li><a href="Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations / lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="International_Orienteering_Federation" title="International Orienteering Federation">International Orienteering Federation</a>

<ul><li>members</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_orienteering_clubs" title="List of orienteering clubs">List of clubs</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_orienteers" title="List of orienteers">List of orienteers</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_orienteers#By_country" title="List of orienteers">by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_orienteers#Innovators" title="List of orienteers">innovators</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_orienteering_events" title="List of orienteering events">List of events</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sport related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adventure_travel" title="Adventure travel">Adventure travel</a></li>

<li><a href="Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li>

<li><a href="Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a></li>

<li><a href="Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li>

<li><a href="Location-based_game" title="Location-based game">Location-based game</a>

<ul><li><a href="Geocaching" title="Geocaching">geocaching</a></li>

<li><a href="Poker_run" title="Poker run">poker run</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Orienteering_(scouting)" title="Orienteering (scouting)">Scoutcraft orienteering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">wilderness</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Foot_orienteering" title="Foot orienteering">Foot orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_Orienteering_Championships" title="World Orienteering Championships">World Championships</a>

<ul><li><small><a href="Junior_World_Orienteering_Championships" title="Junior World Orienteering Championships">Junior</a></small></li>

<li><small><a href="World_Masters_Orienteering_Championships" title="World Masters Orienteering Championships">Masters</a></small></li>

<li><small><a href="World_University_Orienteering_Championships" title="World University Orienteering Championships">University</a></small></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Orienteering_World_Cup" title="Orienteering World Cup">World Cup</a></li>

<li><a href="Orienteering_at_the_World_Games" title="Orienteering at the World Games">World Games</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Orienteering_Championships" title="European Orienteering Championships">European Championships</a>

<ul><li><a href="European_Youth_Orienteering_Championships" title="European Youth Orienteering Championships">Youth</a></li>

<li>University</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="North_American_Orienteering_Championships" title="North American Orienteering Championships">North American Championships</a></li>

<li>Open events

<ul><li><a href="O-Ringen" title="O-Ringen">O-Ringen</a></li>

<li><a href="Jukola_relay" title="Jukola relay">Jukola</a></li>

<li><a href="Tiomila" title="Tiomila">Tiomila</a></li>

<li><a href="Kainuu_Orienteering_Week" title="Kainuu Orienteering Week">Kainuu Orienteering Week</a></li>

<li><a href="Jan_Kjellstr%C3%B6m_International_Festival_of_Orienteering" title="Jan Kjellström International Festival of Orienteering">Jan Kjellström Festival</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ski_orienteering" title="Ski orienteering">Ski orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_Ski_Orienteering_Championships" title="World Ski Orienteering Championships">World Championships</a>

<ul><li><small><a href="Junior_World_Ski_Orienteering_Championships" title="Junior World Ski Orienteering Championships">Junior</a></small></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="World_Cup_in_Ski_Orienteering" title="World Cup in Ski Orienteering">World Cup</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mountain_bike_orienteering" title="Mountain bike orienteering">Mountain bike orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_Mountain_Bike_Orienteering_Championships" title="World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships">World Championships</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Trail_orienteering" title="Trail orienteering">Trail orienteering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_Trail_Orienteering_Championships" title="World Trail Orienteering Championships">World Championships</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Wayfinding&oldid=1304586025">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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